Cavitation is one of the most challenging fluid flow anomalies, which leads to detrimental effects on centrifugal pump flow behaviors and physical characteristics. The lowest pressure areas of centrifugal pumps are the first victims of cavitation. Cavitation shows itself in the form of holes on the internal solid walls of the pump along with noise and vibration, all of which lead to the destruction of the hydraulic performance of the pump. In this article, based on the literature review, some characteristics of cavitation, experimental methods for its detection, and the effects of cavitation on the vibration of centrifugal pumps are investigated. Investigating the effects of cavitation in centrifugal pumps with the help of a vibration monitoring system and providing a technique to predict the onset of cavitation as well as methods to stop or prevent cavitation have also been studied in this article.